煅燒氧化鋁是白色無(wú)定形粉末，密度3.9-4.0g/cm3，熔點(diǎn)2050℃、沸點(diǎn)2980℃，不溶于水，為兩性氧化物，能溶于無(wú)機(jī)酸和堿性溶液中，主要有α型和γ型兩種變體，工業(yè)上可從鋁土礦中獲取。
氧化鋁粉可用于：剖析試劑、有機(jī)溶劑的脫水、吸附劑、有機(jī)反響催化劑、研磨劑、拋光劑、冶煉鋁的質(zhì)料、耐火材料。
α型氧化鋁不溶于水和酸，工業(yè)上也稱鋁氧，是制金屬鋁的根本質(zhì)料；也用于制各種耐火磚、耐火坩堝、耐火管、耐高溫試驗(yàn)儀器；還可作研磨劑、阻燃劑、填充料等；高純的α型氧化鋁仍是出產(chǎn)人工剛玉、人工紅寶石和藍(lán)寶石的質(zhì)料；還用于出產(chǎn)現(xiàn)代大規(guī)模集成電路的板基。
γ型氧化鋁是氫氧化鋁在140-150℃的低溫環(huán)境下脫水制得，工業(yè)上也叫活性氧化鋁、鋁膠。γ型氧化鋁不溶于水，能溶于強(qiáng)酸或強(qiáng)堿溶液，將它加熱至1200℃就全部轉(zhuǎn)化為α型氧化鋁。工業(yè)品常為無(wú)色或微帶粉紅的圓柱型顆粒，耐壓性好。在石油煉制和石油化工中是常用的吸附劑、催化劑和催化劑載體；在工業(yè)上是變壓器油、透平油的脫酸劑，還用于色層剖析；在試驗(yàn)室是中性強(qiáng)枯燥劑，其枯燥才能不亞于五氧化二磷，使用后在175℃以下加熱6-8h還能再生重復(fù)使用。
Calcined alumina is white amorphous powder with density of 3.9-4.0g/cm3, melting point of 2050 ℃, boiling point of 2980 ℃, insoluble in water, amphoteric oxide, soluble in inorganic acid and alkaline solution, mainly composed of α Type and γ It can be obtained from bauxite in industry.
Aluminum oxide powder can be used for: analysis reagent, dehydration of organic solvent, adsorbent, organic reaction catalyst, abrasive, polishing agent, aluminum smelting material and refractory.
α Alumina is insoluble in water and acid. It is also called aluminum oxide in industry and is the basic material for making metal aluminum; It is also used for making all kinds of refractory bricks, refractory crucibles, refractory pipes and high temperature resistance test instruments; It can also be used as abrasives, flame retardants, fillers, etc; High purity α Al 2O 3 is still used to produce artificial corundum, ruby and sapphire; It is also used to produce modern large scale integrated circuit board.
γ Type a alumina is prepared by dehydration of aluminum hydroxide at 140-150 ℃ in low temperature environment. It is also called active alumina and aluminum glue in industry. γ Alumina is insoluble in water, but soluble in strong acid or alkali solution. When it is heated to 1200 ℃, it is completely converted into alumina α Type alumina. Industrial products are usually colorless or pinkish cylindrical particles with good pressure resistance. It is commonly used as adsorbent, catalyst and catalyst carrier in petroleum refining and petrochemical industry; In industry, it is a deacidification agent for transformer oil and turbine oil, and also used for chromatographic analysis; In the laboratory is a neutral strong boring agent, its boring ability is no less than phosphorus pentoxide, after use at 175 ℃ heating for 6-8h can be recycled.
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